Regular red eyes, bloodshot and that he thought the reason to play, games all day, I did not care, he bought a few eye drops relieve the eye fatigue. Then one day he sat on the sofa, when suddenly fell to the ground. To find the hospital, the doctors, that Mike’s blood pressure up to 255 mm Hg was pressure, low pressure has reached 170 mm Hg.
Since malignant hypertension usually occurs in young people, and even diseases, blood pressure at a time to increase significantly and more associated with kidney, heart and other organ damage caused, kidney and heart failure, especially the most prominent of kidney dysfunction. Even more disturbing is that the basic obvious early symptoms of malignant hypertension, only a small number of people such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, palpitations, etc., and these symptoms were manifested in extreme fatigue, mental effort.
Therefore, young people, if the abnormal symptoms, the blood pressure in time. If there is abnormal increase of blood pressure, renal function should be timely, urine, ultrasound B, and the regular hospital for treatment.
Before the lecture, use the following check a few to see if they know or the existence of the following questions:
1 when he must eat for a lifetime!
2, western medicine side effects!
3, how can I eat so many kinds of antihypertensive agents?
4, I’m not sick, you do not need to take medications
5 people ate the drug is good, I eat
More than 5 have you taken? These problems, whether they misunderstandings? Whether it a new meaning? Hope that today’s course, we all have a new understanding of these issues and a clear understanding.
First, high blood pressure drugs,
The most commonly used first-line antihypertensive five categories:
1, diuretics (diuretics) such as hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide (life, than the mountains, sodium warning);
2, β-blockers (β-blockers): When propranolol (propranolol), metoprolol (Betaloc), Atenolol (atenolol), bisoprolol (Kang can Bosu), can be Labetalol (labetalol), carvedilol (gold contact, contact German);
3, calcium channel blockers (CCB) nifedipine (nifedipine, Adalat (Ji Bai heartache), diltiazem (diltiazem heart), amlodipine (Norvasc), felodipine (wave Yi Ding), lacidipine (Lok income level, Leping Division), nitrendipine Sun
4, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) inhibitors: captopril (captopril, Capoten), enalapril (that Lin Yi, Yue Ning are), perindopril (Ya Shi up), benazepril (Lotensin), fosinopril (Monno) Ramipril (Rui Qin), etc.
5, Ⅱ angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs): losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), telmisartan (U.S. Cassels), irbesartan (Aprovel) and so on.
The other, it is a receptor antagonist (a-blocker), such as prazosin, doxazosin, Urapidil Haier.
To facilitate memory, or more types of antihypertensive drugs, we may also be referred to as “ABCD”, ie, A (ARB and ACE inhibitors), B (a, β-blockers), C (CCB), D (diuretics).
Secondly, various types of antihypertensive drugs indications and contraindications:
A variety of antihypertensive drugs has its own characteristics, has its indications and contraindications for us should be primarily their contraindications, particularly an absolute contraindication, that is, remember, in some cases is absolutely not under the permit.
1, diuretics
◆ thiazide diuretics (such as HCTZ, or hydrochlorothiazide)
Indications: heart failure, isolated systolic hypertension in elderly hypertensive patients;
Contraindications: gout patients should never be used, the relative contraindications to pregnancy.
Contraindications: Because of the class medicine can slow the heart rate, the 2-3 degree AV block can not be with these drugs also cause bronchoconstriction, as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients absolutely can not be used to be in addition, around the disease, impaired glucose tolerance, regular exercise can such drugs be used with caution.
Indications: hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension of pregnancy, isolated systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, carotid artery, such as very large proportion of drug use.
Contraindications: These drugs are not an absolute contraindication, relative contraindication for a fast heart rhythm disturbances in heart failure.
Hypertension of unknown etiology, pathogenesis and factors
1st Age: incidence increases with age and the trend of high incidence of over 40 years.
2nd Salt: salt intake more than those with a high incidence of hypertension, it is that the salt <2 g / day, almost no hypertension 3-4g per day and hypertension in 3% ,4-15g / day, the incidence rate of 33, 15%,> 20 g / day incidence of 30%.
3rd Weight: high incidence of obesity.
4th Genetic: About half of patients have family history of hypertension.
5th Environmental and Safety: There is excessive noise at work are also more prone to mental stress of high blood pressure, high pressure into the high incidence of urban to rural.
Blood pressure control mechanism
Many factors can cause high blood pressure. Heart strengthen pumping (eg increased cardiac contractility, etc.), so that increased blood pumped per second. Another factor is the loss of normal elastic arteries are stiff when the heart pumps blood, it can not expand effectively, so that the flow of blood pumped per stroke than normal through the narrow space, so the pressure rises. This is more than hypertension in arteriosclerosis, the walls of the arteries to thicken and cause freezing the elderly. As the nerves and blood hormone stimulation, systemic small arteries may also be a temporary contraction to increase blood pressure. Can the blood pressure of the third factor is the increase of the circulating fluid volume. This is common in kidney disease, can not fully increase renal sodium and water from the body, the body blood volume, which can be removed to an increased blood pressure.
On the contrary, may, if the limited ability of the heart is pumping, the blood vessels expand or excessive fluid loss leading to low blood pressure. These factors mainly adjustments in the kidneys and nervous system (the nervous system automatically many of the functions of the part of the body) changes in regulation.
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